Under what circumstances can the Coast Guard stop and search vessels according to maritime laws?

The Coast Guard has the authority to stop and search vessels particularly when there is reasonable suspicion of illicit maritime activity. This is grounded in the enforcement of laws related to national security, immigration, and drug trafficking, among other concerns. The concept of "reasonable suspicion" allows the Coast Guard to act on credible information or observable behavior indicating that a vessel may be involved in illegal actions, thus protecting both U.S. waters and interests.

While consent from the vessel operator can facilitate a search, it is not a requirement for conducting one under the appropriate legal circumstances. Additionally, the Coast Guard's authority is not unlimited in territorial waters and is specifically tied to credible suspicions related to violations. Distress calls, while important for rescue operations, do not justify a search unless they also involve indications of illegal activity. Therefore, the ability to stop and search vessels based on reasonable suspicion aligns with the operational framework of maritime law enforcement and the Coast Guard's mandate.