What does 14 U.S.C. 99 authorize Coast Guard members to do?

The correct answer highlights the authority granted to Coast Guard members under 14 U.S.C. 99. This statute specifically empowers them to carry firearms and make warrantless arrests when acting in the course of their duties. This authority is critical as it underscores the Coast Guard's law enforcement capabilities, particularly in enforcing laws relating to maritime safety and security. By enabling members to carry firearms, the statute ensures they are equipped to handle potentially dangerous situations they might encounter while performing their duties. Furthermore, the ability to make warrantless arrests allows Coast Guard personnel to act swiftly against violations of law, particularly in the dynamic and often unpredictable maritime environment where delays in obtaining warrants could jeopardize safety or security.

The other options, while related to the Coast Guard's broad mission and responsibilities, do not directly stem from the specific authority conferred by 14 U.S.C. 99. Establishing security zones, for instance, is a function undertaken to protect national security interests but is governed under different statutes and regulations. Interacting with the private sector for maritime security involves collaboration and engagement beyond the explicit enforcement powers given by 14 U.S.C. 99. Conducting customs examinations is a role the Coast Guard fulfills, but it falls under customs laws and regulations rather than