What is indicated by the term "innocent" when referring to passage through territorial seas?

The term "innocent" in the context of passage through territorial seas refers to the requirement that such passage must not be prejudicial to the peace, good order, or security of the coastal State. This principle is enshrined in international law, particularly in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Essentially, it allows for the transit of foreign vessels through a State's territorial waters, provided that their passage does not threaten or hamper the coastal nation's interests.

The notion of "innocent passage" encompasses various conditions, which include that vessels should not engage in any activities that could be harmful, such as fishing, polluting, or conducting military exercises while transiting through these waters. This ensures that the rights of the coastal State are respected while still allowing for the navigational freedoms of other nations. Thus, the emphasis on not prejudicing the coastal State is fundamental to the concept of innocent passage and ensures a balance between international navigation rights and coastal sovereignty.