Which of the following is an action that Coast Guard officers are authorized to take under 14 U.S.C. 701?

The correct choice highlights the authority granted to Coast Guard officers under 14 U.S.C. 701, which primarily deals with the Coast Guard's responsibilities for enforcement and ensuring safety in the maritime domain. When officers request assistance for specialized activities, it illustrates their collaborative role in maritime operations, including tasks that require expertise beyond general enforcement capabilities. This can involve coordination with other agencies or entities to effectively manage situations that necessitate particular skills or resources, reflecting the Coast Guard's broader mission of ensuring maritime safety and security.

The other options, while related to the Coast Guard's functions, do not align as closely with the explicit powers established in 14 U.S.C. 701. Carrying out criminal investigations without warrants typically falls under specific legal frameworks and protocols that might not always allow for such actions. Regulating commercial shipping traffic involves a complex set of regulations and often requires considerations beyond just the Coast Guard's direct authority. Conducting environmental assessments on vessels, although essential, may not be a direct action outlined in this statute, as it often involves various regulatory requirements and inter-agency cooperation. Hence, requesting assistance aligns closely with the spirit of collaboration and support described in the statute.