Who has the authority to suspend innocent passage in U.S. territorial seas for security reasons?

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The authority to suspend innocent passage in U.S. territorial seas for security reasons is vested in the President of the United States. This power stems from the President's role as the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and the chief diplomat, which includes overseeing national security matters and responding to threats. The President can take necessary actions to safeguard national interests, which may involve restricting maritime navigation to ensure security within U.S. waters.

While local law enforcement agencies, Coast Guard commanders, and the Secretary of Defense play significant roles in maritime safety and security, they do so under the authority granted by the President and applicable laws. Local law enforcement typically handles civil issues and minor threats, while Coast Guard commanders operate within a framework established by federal law but do not have the overarching authority to suspend innocent passage as a national security measure. The Secretary of Defense focuses on military operations and defense policy, but again, actions must ultimately align with the directives from the President.

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